Anne Killigrew

Anne Killigrew was a 17^th century English poet who lived a tragically short life, cut short by smallpox. Her poetry was much admired by contemporaries such as John Dryden although none were published until a year after her death in 1685. Dryden compared her work to that of the ancient Greek poet Sappho. He obviously thought a great deal about her, composing a moving elegy in 1686 which he titled To The Pious Memory of the Accomplish”d Young Lady Mrs. Anne Killigrew.

Anne Killigrew was born in pre-Restoration times, sometime during the early part of 1660. Her place of birth is recorded as St Martin’s Lane in London and her father, Dr Henry Killigrew, was a writer himself, having penned a number of religious sermons and at least one play. Anne had other family members who were prolific playwrights so it is, perhaps, not surprising that she should also take up the pen.

She appears to have been well educated, concentrating mostly on poetry and art and it is believed that she studied the Bible, philosophy and Greek mythology. She employed the method called ‘shifting voices’ in her own poetry, a technique that owes much to theatre, and mythological themes are fairly common throughout her work. It was not common for women to become poets at this time and Anne took inspiration from others of her like, such as Anne Kingsmill Finch and Katherine Phillips.

With both her father and two of her uncles having royal connections with the Stuart Court, Anne was invited to become a personal attendant to the Duchess of York, previously known as Mary of Modena. The aforementioned Anne Finch was also an attendant at the same time, and the two Annes became close friends. Their mistress encouraged her ladies to follow the French tradition known as precieuses, which translates as patrician women intellectuals. Although well ahead of its time the Duchess was encouraging feminism within her circle and Killigrew thrived in such an environment.

She wrote somewhere in the region of 33 poems but they were not published until after her death – a situation that was quite common for women at that time. Her father collected her papers together, which included a self-portrait of his daughter and an ode written by friend of the family John Dryden.  As well as being a capable poet Killigrew also excelled at painting and at least 15 pieces have been attributed to her, all featuring mythological or biblical imagery. A keen eye will deduce a connection between her poems and her paintings and a common theme running through all of her work is feminine assertion in a society where men had been dominant.

Not surprisingly she had her critics with one, the eminent poet of her time Alexander Pope describing her work as “crude” and “unsophisticated.” It is certainly evident, from her own words, that she struggled to complete poems such as her unfinished work Alexandreis. This poem, about Alexander the Great, seemed to be too much of an undertaking for her and she expressed the wish that she should be able to finish it at a later time. Here is the first of five known verses:

Perhaps she would have become a better poet and commanded greater respect throughout the whole of literary society had she lived to a better age, but she was struck down by the deadly disease smallpox, and never recovered from it.

Anne Killigrew died on the 16^th June 1685, aged only 25.

Bibliography

WRITINGS BY THE AUTHOR:

Book

• Poems By Mrs Anne Killigrew (London: Printed for Samuel Lowndes, 1686 [i.e., 1685]); facsimile published as Poems (1686) by Mrs. Anne Killigrew, a Facsimile Reproduction with an Introduction, edited by Richard Morton (Gainesville, Fla.: Scholars’ Facsimiles & Reprints, 1967).

FURTHER READINGS ABOUT THE AUTHOR

• Ellen Creathorne Clayton, English Female Artists, volume 1 (London, 1876), pp. 59-70.
• Margaret Doody, Daring Muse (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985).
• Margaret J. M. Ezell, The Patriarch’s Wife: Literary Evidence and the History of the Family (Chapel Hill & London: University of North Carolina Press, 1987).
• Germaine Greer, Susan Hastings, Jeslyn Medoff, and Melinda Sansone, eds., Kissing the Rod: An Anthology of Seventeenth-Century Women’s Verse (London: Virago, 1988; New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1989).
• Elaine Hobby, Virtue of Necessity: English Women’s Writing 1649-88 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990).
• Ann Messenger, His and Hers: Essays in Restoration & 18th-Century Literature (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1986).
• Maureen E. Mulvihill, “Essential Studies of Restoration Women Writers: Reclaiming a Heritage, 1913-1986,” Restoration: Studies in English Literary Culture, 1660-1700, 11 (Fall 1987): 122-131.
• Carol Virginia Pohli, “Formal and Informal Space in Dryden’s Ode, ‘To the Pious Memory of Anne Killigrew,'” Restoration: Studies in English Literary Culture, 1660-1700, 15 (Spring 1991): 27-40.
• Myra Reynolds, ed., The Poems of Anne Countess of Winchilsea (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1903), pp. xxiii-xxiv.
• C. Anderson Silber, “Nymphs and Satyrs: Poet, Readers and Irony in Dryden’s `Ode to Anne Killigrew,'” Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture, 14 (1985): 193-212.
• Kristina Straub, “Indecent Liberties with a Poet: Audience and the Metaphor of Rape in Killigrew’s `Upon the Saying that My Verses’ and Pope’s Arbuthnot,” Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature, 6 (Spring 1987): 27-45.
• Horace Walpole, Anecdotes of Painting in England, volume 3 (London: Shakespeare, 1828), pp. 52-55.